Used primarily in research settings as a selective antagonist for P2X receptors, particularly P2X3 and P2X2/3 subtypes, which are involved in pain signaling pathways. It helps in studying neuropathic and inflammatory pain mechanisms. Due to its ability to block ATP-gated ion channels, it is valuable in understanding sensory neurotransmission and developing potential analgesic drugs. Commonly applied in in vitro electrophysiological studies and animal models of chronic pain. Its hydrate form enhances solubility, improving bioavailability in experimental systems.