Piperlongumine is primarily recognized for its potential in cancer therapy due to its ability to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. It achieves this by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. This selective cytotoxicity makes it a promising candidate for developing targeted cancer treatments. Additionally, piperlongumine has shown anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in research focused on inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Its ability to inhibit certain enzymes involved in inflammation further supports its therapeutic potential. Beyond cancer and inflammation, piperlongumine is also being studied for its neuroprotective effects, particularly in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, where it may help reduce oxidative damage and improve cognitive function. Its diverse biological activities make it a valuable compound in both pharmaceutical research and drug development.