NSI-189 Phosphate is primarily investigated for its potential in treating major depressive disorder. It has shown neurogenic properties, particularly in stimulating hippocampal growth, which may contribute to improved mood and cognitive function. The compound is also being explored for its effects on neuroplasticity and neural repair, making it a candidate for conditions involving cognitive impairment or brain injury. Research suggests it may help reverse some structural brain changes associated with depression. While still experimental, it holds promise as a next-generation antidepressant with potential disease-modifying effects rather than just symptom relief.