Ebselen is primarily known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable in research and therapeutic development. It mimics the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage, and is studied for its potential in treating conditions involving oxidative stress, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease due to its neuroprotective effects. It has been investigated in clinical trials for ischemic stroke, showing neuroprotective effects by reducing brain injury. Additionally, ebselen exhibits antiviral activity and has been explored as a potential treatment for hearing disorders, such as noise-induced or drug-induced hearing loss, due to its ability to protect cochlear cells. Its anti-inflammatory action also makes it a candidate for managing chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, it has drawn interest for its inhibitory effect on certain viral proteases, including those of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting possible utility in antiviral therapies.