ELR510444 is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic application in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. It functions as a selective modulator of sigma-2 receptors, which are implicated in the regulation of cellular stress responses and neuronal survival. By targeting these receptors, ELR510444 demonstrates neuroprotective properties, helping to reduce the accumulation of amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau—two key pathological markers in Alzheimer’s disease. Preclinical studies show that it can cross the blood-brain barrier effectively, making it a promising candidate for cognitive preservation and slowing disease progression. Additionally, it has shown potential in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting synaptic integrity, which supports ongoing research into its use as a disease-modifying agent in early-stage neurodegeneration.