Taltirelin acetate is primarily used in the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration, a group of disorders that affect movement and coordination. It acts as a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, stimulating the central nervous system to improve motor functions and reduce symptoms like ataxia. Additionally, it has shown potential in enhancing cognitive functions and is being explored for its neuroprotective effects in conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease. Its ability to modulate neurotransmitter release also makes it a candidate for research in mood disorders and fatigue management.