PF-04418948 is a potent and selective antagonist of the P2X7 receptor, which plays a key role in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Due to its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways, it has been investigated for potential therapeutic applications in chronic inflammatory and neuroinflammatory diseases. It has shown promise in preclinical models of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and neuropathic pain. Additionally, its blood-brain barrier permeability makes it a candidate for studying central nervous system disorders involving neuroinflammation, including Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. PF-04418948 is primarily used as a research tool to validate the P2X7 receptor as a drug target and to explore the physiological and pathological roles of this receptor in immune and neuronal systems.