Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride is widely used in neuroscience research as a pharmacological tool to activate engineered receptors known as DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs). It enables precise control of neuronal activity in specific brain circuits without affecting natural neurotransmitter systems. When administered in experimental models, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and selectively binds to hM3Dq or hM4Di DREADD receptors, allowing researchers to modulate cell signaling and study brain functions such as behavior, mood, memory, and addiction. Its high selectivity and low affinity for native receptors make it ideal for achieving temporally controlled neural manipulation in vivo. It is commonly used in rodent studies via systemic injection or intracerebral delivery, supporting advances in understanding neurological and psychiatric disorders.