Olesoxime is primarily investigated for its neuroprotective properties, particularly in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). It functions by stabilizing mitochondrial function and preventing the release of pro-apoptotic factors, which helps protect neurons from degeneration. In clinical trials, olesoxime has shown promise in slowing disease progression and improving motor function in patients with SMA. Additionally, it is being explored for potential applications in other neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, due to its ability to support neuronal survival and maintain cellular energy balance. Its therapeutic potential is also being studied in the context of traumatic brain injury and stroke, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in cell death.