PK14105 is primarily utilized in research settings, particularly in the field of neuroscience. It is known for its role as a selective antagonist for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs), which are found in the outer membrane of mitochondria. This property makes it a valuable tool in studying the function and distribution of these receptors in various tissues, especially in the brain. Researchers employ PK14105 to explore its potential in understanding neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in these conditions. Additionally, it has been used in imaging studies, where radiolabeled versions of the compound help visualize PBRs in vivo, aiding in the diagnosis and study of conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain injuries. Its application extends to investigating the effects of PBR modulation on cellular processes, including apoptosis and oxidative stress.