(S)-2-Aminopent-4-ynoic acid hydrochloride is primarily utilized in the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds, particularly those targeting neurological disorders. This compound is often employed in the development of inhibitors for enzymes such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, which plays a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter levels in the brain. By modulating GABA activity, it contributes to the potential treatment of conditions like epilepsy, anxiety, and other central nervous system disorders. Additionally, its structural features make it a valuable building block for designing peptide-based drugs and exploring novel therapeutic agents. Its application extends to biochemical studies where it aids in understanding enzyme mechanisms and protein interactions.