Tetrabenazine is primarily used in the treatment of movement disorders, particularly those associated with Huntington's disease. It works by depleting monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine in the central nervous system, which helps to reduce involuntary movements (chorea) and other hyperkinetic symptoms. This makes it a valuable therapeutic option for managing the motor symptoms of Huntington's disease, improving the quality of life for patients.

Additionally, tetrabenazine has been explored for its potential use in treating other conditions characterized by excessive movement, such as tardive dyskinesia and Tourette syndrome. Its ability to modulate neurotransmitter levels in the brain provides a mechanism for controlling these disorders, although its use in these areas may be off-label and requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects, such as sedation, depression, or parkinsonism.

In clinical practice, tetrabenazine is often considered when other treatments are ineffective or not well-tolerated. Its dosing is typically tailored to the individual patient, with adjustments made based on response and tolerability. Overall, tetrabenazine plays a critical role in managing hyperkinetic movement disorders, offering relief to patients with limited treatment options.