Gabaculine hydrochloride is primarily used in biochemical research to study the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It acts as a potent inhibitor of GABA transaminase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of GABA in the nervous system. By inhibiting this enzyme, it helps researchers understand the role of GABA in neurotransmission and its impact on neurological disorders such as epilepsy, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Additionally, it is utilized in plant biology to investigate the biosynthesis of GABA and its function in plant stress responses. This compound serves as a valuable tool in exploring GABA-related pathways and developing potential therapeutic strategies.