Adaptaquin is primarily investigated for its neuroprotective properties, particularly in the context of central nervous system injuries and neurodegenerative conditions. It functions as a selective inhibitor of the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH), leading to stabilization of HIF-1α and activation of downstream genes that promote cell survival under low oxygen conditions. This mechanism makes it a candidate for treating conditions such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, where oxygen deprivation plays a critical role in tissue damage.

In preclinical studies, adaptaquin has demonstrated the ability to reduce neuronal death and improve functional recovery following injury. Its selectivity over other PH inhibitors may reduce off-target effects, enhancing its potential as a therapeutic agent. Additionally, research is exploring its role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in neural tissues, further supporting its application in neuroprotection. While still in experimental stages, adaptaquin represents a promising approach to modulating cellular responses to hypoxia in neurological disorders.