Kynurenic acid sodium is primarily utilized in research settings to study its role as an endogenous neuroprotective agent. It is often employed in neuroscience to investigate its ability to modulate glutamate receptors, particularly NMDA receptors, which are critical in processes like synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. Researchers also explore its potential in mitigating neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it is used in studies examining its impact on the kynurenine pathway, which is linked to immune regulation and neurological health. Its application extends to experimental models of stroke and epilepsy to assess its therapeutic potential in reducing neuronal damage.