Anle138b is primarily researched for its potential application in neurodegenerative diseases. It has shown promise in inhibiting the aggregation of pathological proteins such as alpha-synuclein, tau, and prion proteins, which are implicated in conditions like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. By preventing these proteins from forming toxic aggregates, Anle138b may help slow disease progression. Additionally, it has been studied for its neuroprotective effects in preclinical models, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Research is ongoing to further explore its efficacy, safety, and potential for clinical use.