Tephrosin is a natural rotenoid compound extracted from plants in the Tephrosia genus. It is primarily used in agricultural applications as a natural pesticide, exhibiting strong insecticidal, antifeedant, and nematicidal properties effective against crop pests, soil-dwelling nematodes, and mosquito larvae. This makes it valuable for eco-friendly pest control in organic farming and sustainable vector management in public health. Additionally, tephrosin is researched in biology and pharmacology for its antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, with potential as an active ingredient in therapeutics. In vitro studies have shown it inhibits cancer cell growth, indicating possible future roles in anti-tumor drug development. Its plant-derived origin ensures low toxicity to humans and mammals, along with biodegradability, positioning it as a safer alternative to synthetic pesticides.