Polyphyllin H is primarily studied for its potential in cancer therapy due to its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. It has shown promising results in targeting various cancer cell lines, including lung, liver, and breast cancers, by disrupting cell cycle progression and promoting cell death. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a candidate for treating inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions. Research also explores its role in enhancing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs, potentially reducing required dosages and minimizing side effects. Its applications extend to traditional medicine, where it has been used for its antimicrobial and immune-modulating effects. Further studies are ongoing to fully understand its therapeutic potential and optimize its use in clinical settings.