Used as an antimicrobial agent in medical devices, wound dressings, and coatings due to its strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Commonly incorporated into textiles, plastics, and paints to provide long-lasting protection against microbial growth. Applied in water purification systems to inhibit bacteria and algae. Utilized in consumer products like refrigerators, air purifiers, and personal care items for hygiene enhancement. Also explored in electronics for conductive inks and coatings because of its high electrical conductivity at nanoscale dimensions.