Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, thermal conductivity, and surface functionalization potential. In polishing and machining, nanodiamond suspensions provide ultra-precise surface finishing for optical components, semiconductors, and hard disk drives, minimizing scratches and improving surface quality.

In biomedicine, nanodiamonds serve as drug delivery carriers, enabling controlled release of therapeutic agents with reduced toxicity. Their biocompatibility and ability to bind with proteins or nucleic acids make them suitable for targeted cancer therapy and bioimaging. Fluorescent nanodiamonds, especially those with nitrogen-vacancy centers, are used in cellular imaging and quantum sensing due to their stable optical properties.

Nanodiamonds are also incorporated into composite materials to enhance mechanical strength, wear resistance, and thermal management in polymers, coatings, and lubricants. They improve the performance of engine oils and greases by reducing friction and protecting metal surfaces. Additionally, research is exploring their use in electronics, quantum computing, and as sensors in extreme environments.