Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, thermal conductivity, and surface functionalization potential. In polishing and finishing, nanodiamond suspensions provide ultra-precise surface treatment for hard materials like sapphire, glass, and ceramics, especially in the electronics and optics industries.

In biomedicine, nanodiamonds serve as drug delivery carriers, enabling controlled release and targeted therapy, particularly in cancer treatment. Their biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for imaging, biosensing, and as contrast agents. Nanodiamonds are also explored in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their ability to support cell growth.

In composites, adding nanodiamond enhances mechanical strength, thermal stability, and wear resistance of polymers, coatings, and lubricants. They are used in high-performance materials for aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing sectors. Additionally, nanodiamonds show promise in quantum sensing and electronic devices because of their nitrogen-vacancy centers, enabling high-sensitivity magnetic field detection and quantum computing research.