Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. In industrial settings, it serves as an effective polishing agent for precision optics, semiconductors, and hard disk surfaces, delivering ultra-smooth finishes without surface damage. Its high thermal conductivity and low friction make it useful in lubricant additives for engines and mechanical systems, improving efficiency and reducing wear.

In biomedicine, nanodiamond is employed for drug delivery, where it helps carry therapeutic agents—such as chemotherapy drugs—directly to target cells, enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing side effects. It is also used in bioimaging, acting as a fluorescent probe for cellular tracking due to its optical properties and low toxicity. Additionally, nanodiamonds are being explored in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, where they support cell growth and improve the mechanical strength of scaffolds.

Emerging applications include use in quantum sensing and electronics, where nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond enable highly sensitive magnetic field detection, useful in medical diagnostics and quantum computing research.