Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, thermal conductivity, and surface functionality. In polishing and finishing, nanodiamond suspensions provide ultra-precise surface treatment for hard materials like sapphire, glass, and ceramics, especially in the optics and semiconductor industries.

In biomedicine, nanodiamonds serve as drug delivery carriers, enabling controlled release and improved cellular uptake of therapeutic agents. Their biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for imaging, diagnostics, and cancer therapy. Surface-modified nanodiamonds can target specific cells or tissues, enhancing treatment precision.

Nanodiamonds are also incorporated into composite materials and coatings to improve mechanical strength, wear resistance, and thermal management in electronics and aerospace components. Additionally, they are being explored in quantum sensing and encryption due to their fluorescent properties when doped with nitrogen-vacancy centers.