Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, thermal conductivity, and surface functionalization potential. In polishing and finishing, nanodiamond suspensions provide ultra-precise surface treatment for hard materials like sapphire, glass, and ceramics, especially in the electronics and optics industries.

In biomedicine, nanodiamonds serve as drug delivery carriers, enabling controlled release and improved bioavailability of therapeutic agents. Their biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for imaging, diagnostics, and cancer therapy. Surface-modified nanodiamonds are also explored in biosensors and gene delivery systems.

In composites, nanodiamond enhances mechanical strength, thermal stability, and wear resistance when added to polymers, coatings, and lubricants. It is used in high-performance materials for aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing sectors. Additionally, nanodiamond is being investigated in quantum sensing and electronic devices due to its optical and semiconductor-like properties.