Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, thermal conductivity, and surface functionality.

In polishing and finishing, nanodiamond suspensions provide ultra-precise surface treatment for hard materials like sapphire, silicon wafers, and optical lenses, delivering scratch-free finishes essential in semiconductor and precision optics manufacturing. They are also used as additives in lubricants to reduce friction, wear, and extend the lifespan of machinery components.

In biomedicine, nanodiamonds serve as drug delivery carriers, enabling controlled release of therapeutic agents with improved cellular uptake and reduced toxicity. Their fluorescent properties make them useful in bioimaging and diagnostics, where they act as stable, non-toxic probes for long-term cell tracking.

Nanodiamonds are also incorporated into composite materials and coatings to enhance mechanical strength, wear resistance, and thermal management in cutting tools, engine components, and electronic devices. Additionally, they are being explored in quantum sensing and encryption technologies due to their optically active defects that respond to magnetic and electric fields at the nanoscale.