Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, thermal conductivity, and surface functionality. In polishing and finishing, nanodiamond suspensions provide ultra-precise surface treatment for hard materials like sapphire, glass, and ceramics, commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing and optical components.

In biomedicine, nanodiamonds serve as drug delivery carriers, enhancing the solubility and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Their biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for imaging, diagnostics, and cancer therapy. Surface-modified nanodiamonds can target specific cells, improving treatment precision.

Nanodiamonds are also incorporated into composite materials and coatings to enhance mechanical strength, wear resistance, and thermal management in electronics and aerospace components. Additionally, they are explored in quantum sensing and imaging due to their fluorescent properties when containing nitrogen-vacancy centers.

In cosmetics, nanodiamonds are added to skincare products for gentle exfoliation, removing dead skin cells and improving skin brightness, leveraging their hardness and safety.