Nanodiamond is widely used in advanced industrial and biomedical applications due to its unique combination of hardness, chemical stability, biocompatibility, high surface area, and fluorescent properties. In industrial settings, it serves as an ultra-fine abrasive in polishing compounds for precision optics, semiconductors, and hard disk drives, delivering scratch-free finishes. It is also incorporated into lubricants to reduce friction and wear in mechanical systems, enhancing equipment lifespan.

In the biomedical field, nanodiamond is used as a carrier for drug delivery, especially in cancer therapy, where it enables targeted release and improves solubility of chemotherapeutic agents. Its surface can be easily modified to attach drugs, genes, or imaging agents, making it valuable in theranostics—combined therapy and diagnostics. Nanodiamonds are also used in bioimaging due to their fluorescent properties and low toxicity, allowing long-term cellular tracking. Additionally, they are explored in biosensors for detecting biomolecules or toxins with high sensitivity and specificity.

In cosmetics, nanodiamond acts as a gentle exfoliant to remove impurities and promote smoother skin without irritation. In materials science, it is added to coatings, polymers, and plastics to enhance scratch resistance, strength, thermal conductivity, and wear resistance, while being electrically insulating—ideal for electronic components.

Furthermore, nanodiamond shows promise in quantum sensing and electronic devices due to its nitrogen-vacancy center properties, enabling high-sensitivity magnetic field detection.