Used as a high-performance reinforcing agent in polymers, ceramics, and coatings due to its exceptional mechanical strength and thermal stability. Enhances wear resistance and friction properties in automotive brake pads and clutch materials. Acts as a functional additive in composite materials to improve heat resistance, electrical insulation, and dimensional stability. Applied in environmental remediation for adsorbing heavy metals and radioactive substances from contaminated water. Also utilized in advanced lubricants to reduce friction and wear under high-load and high-temperature conditions. Shows promise in photocatalytic applications when combined with semiconductors for degradation of organic pollutants under UV light.