Used in composite materials to enhance mechanical strength and thermal stability. Commonly applied in coatings and films for barrier properties against gases and moisture. Utilized in water treatment due to its ability to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. Serves as a precursor for reduced graphene oxide in electronic and sensor applications. Employed in energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries to improve electrode performance. Explored in biomedical fields for drug delivery, bioimaging, and antibacterial coatings. Also used in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental contaminants due to its responsive surface chemistry.