Used in electronics for high-speed transistors and flexible displays due to excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Applied in composite materials to enhance strength and reduce weight in aerospace and automotive industries. Employed in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors for faster charging and higher capacity. Utilized in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants with high sensitivity. Explored in water filtration and desalination systems because of its ability to allow water to pass while blocking contaminants. Also investigated for use in medical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.