Dacetuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD40, a protein found on the surface of B cells and some antigen-presenting cells. It has been investigated primarily for its role in cancer immunotherapy, especially in B-cell malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. By binding to CD40, dacetuzumab modulates signaling pathways that can lead to inhibition of tumor cell growth, induction of apoptosis, and activation of immune responses against cancer cells.

The antibody enhances immune system recognition of tumor cells by promoting dendritic cell activation and stimulating T-cell responses. It has also been studied in combination with other therapies, including chemotherapy and other targeted antibodies, to improve clinical outcomes. Although clinical trials have shown limited single-agent activity, its potential lies in combination regimens where immune activation can synergize with other treatments. Research continues to explore its utility in hematologic cancers and its role in overcoming resistance to conventional therapies.