Tanezumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target nerve growth factor (NGF), and it has been investigated primarily for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. It shows promise in managing pain associated with osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, and cancer-related bone pain. By inhibiting NGF, tanezumab interferes with pain signaling pathways, offering an alternative to traditional pain relievers such as opioids and NSAIDs. Clinical trials have explored its use in patients who do not respond adequately to conventional therapies. However, safety concerns, particularly related to rapidly progressive osteoarthritis and joint damage, have led to careful evaluation of risk-benefit profiles. Despite setbacks in regulatory approval, tanezumab remains a significant candidate in the development of non-opioid, mechanism-based pain treatments.