Used in the treatment of various cancers, particularly head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, nimotuzumab targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and survival. It is especially beneficial in patients with moderate EGFR expression and has shown efficacy in pediatric brain tumors such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Due to its favorable safety profile with lower incidence of severe skin toxicity compared to other EGFR inhibitors, it is suitable for long-term therapy. Nimotuzumab is also investigated for use in nasopharyngeal, cervical, and non-small cell lung cancers, often in combination with radiation or chemotherapy. Its humanized monoclonal antibody structure allows for targeted therapy with reduced immunogenicity, enhancing treatment tolerance in diverse patient populations.