Pritoxaximab is a monoclonal antibody designed to neutralize Shiga toxin produced by certain strains of E. coli, particularly enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) such as O157:H7. Its primary application is in the treatment and prevention of severe complications associated with EHEC infections, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to acute kidney injury and other life-threatening conditions.

By binding specifically to the Shiga toxin, pritoxaximab prevents the toxin from attaching to and entering host cells, thereby blocking its cytotoxic effects on vascular endothelial cells, especially in the kidneys. This targeted mechanism makes it a promising therapeutic option during outbreaks of EHEC infection, particularly in children who are most vulnerable to HUS.

The antibody has been investigated for use in clinical settings where early diagnosis of EHEC infection is confirmed, with the goal of administering pritoxaximab before significant organ damage occurs. It may also support outbreak management by reducing disease severity and hospitalization duration, complementing supportive care such as hydration and electrolyte management.

As a reference antibody, pritoxaximab is utilized in laboratory diagnostics for developing and standardizing assays to detect Shiga toxin in clinical samples, such as stool or blood, aiding in the confirmation of EHEC infections.