Used primarily as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, particularly in petroleum refining processes where it aids in the removal of sulfur from fuels. It is also employed in the production of certain types of glass and ceramics, enhancing their thermal and electrical properties. In the electronics industry, it serves as a component in the manufacture of semiconductors and other electronic devices, contributing to their performance and durability. Additionally, it finds application in research and development for exploring new materials and their potential uses in advanced technologies.