Used as a refractory material in high-temperature industrial processes due to its excellent thermal stability and resistance to thermal shock. Commonly found in furnace linings, kiln components, and crucibles where materials must withstand extreme heat without degrading. Also serves as a corrosion-resistant coating in metallurgical equipment. Shows potential in ceramic applications requiring high melting points and chemical inertness. Investigated for use in oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells because of its ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures.