Used in electrocatalysis for water splitting, particularly in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to high activity and stability in alkaline conditions. Commonly applied as a thin film or nanoparticle catalyst in electrolyzers for hydrogen production. Also utilized in rechargeable metal-air batteries as a cathode material because of its ability to facilitate oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Employed in supercapacitors for energy storage owing to good redox activity and electrical conductivity. Applied in sensors for detecting gases and biomolecules thanks to its electrochemical properties. Used as a protective coating material for corrosion resistance in harsh environments. Investigated for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as an electrode component.