Lexibulin dihydrochloride is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer treatment. It functions as a microtubule inhibitor, disrupting the structure and function of microtubules within cancer cells, which is crucial for cell division and growth. By targeting microtubules, it aims to halt the proliferation of cancer cells, making it a candidate for various types of cancer therapies. Research has focused on its application in treating solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It has shown promise in preclinical studies for its ability to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells while sparing normal cells, which is a key advantage in chemotherapy. Additionally, its mechanism of action may enhance the efficacy of other anticancer agents when used in combination therapies. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in humans, particularly in advanced or refractory cancers. If successful, it could offer a new therapeutic option for patients with limited treatment alternatives.