Latex beads, carboxylate-modified polystyrene, are widely used in biomedical and biochemical research due to their uniform size and surface modification. They serve as excellent tools for immunoassays, where they are coated with antibodies or antigens to detect specific proteins or pathogens. These beads are also employed in flow cytometry as calibration standards, ensuring accurate instrument performance. In cell separation techniques, they are utilized to isolate specific cell populations through magnetic or fluorescence-based sorting. Additionally, they are used in diagnostic kits for detecting diseases, offering high sensitivity and specificity. Their carboxylate groups allow for easy conjugation with biomolecules, making them versatile in various biotechnological applications.