Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high refractive index and excellent light-scattering properties. Provides brightness and opacity, making it ideal for architectural paints, industrial coatings, and exterior applications where durability and UV resistance are important. Also used in sunscreens and cosmetics for its ability to block ultraviolet radiation without irritating the skin. Found in paper, inks, and textiles to enhance whiteness and improve coverage. Its photostability and inertness make it suitable for food contact materials and certain pharmaceutical products. Increasingly applied in photocatalytic materials for self-cleaning surfaces and air purification systems.