Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high opacity and brightness. Common in architectural and industrial coatings for durable, long-lasting finishes. Employed in printing inks to achieve vibrant white backgrounds. Used in cosmetics like sunscreens and makeup, where it provides UV protection and a smooth, opaque appearance. Applied in paper manufacturing to improve whiteness, gloss, and printability. Utilized in some photocatalytic applications for air and water purification, where it helps break down organic pollutants under UV light. Also found in self-cleaning surfaces and antimicrobial coatings due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species when exposed to light.