Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high opacity and brightness. Common in cosmetics like sunscreens and foundations because it effectively scatters UV light while being gentle on skin. Employed in some sunscreen formulations for its ability to provide broad-spectrum UV protection without significant absorption into the skin. Utilized in photocatalytic applications, such as self-cleaning surfaces and air purification systems, where it breaks down organic pollutants under UV light. Also found in dye-sensitized solar cells and other advanced material applications where its semiconductor properties are beneficial.