Used in molecular biology for transformation of competent cells, enabling uptake of DNA in bacterial and yeast cultures. Commonly applied in research laboratories for cloning and genetic engineering.

Also utilized in the preparation of electrochemical sensors, some types of specialty glasses, electronics research, and certain fuel cells due to its good electrical conductivity in molten state or as a solid at high temperatures.

In medical research, rubidium chloride is used as a biological tracer in studies of blood flow and brain function, as radioactive isotopes of rubidium can track energy use in tissues. It is also investigated for its potential role in treating certain neurological and mood disorders, due to its ability to mimic potassium in nerve cells.

Occasionally used in pyrotechnics to produce purple-colored flames.