Used as a precursor in the production of molybdenum metal, which is essential for making alloy steels and stainless steels to enhance strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance. Acts as a catalyst in petroleum refining processes, particularly in hydrodesulfurization to remove sulfur from fuels. Employed in ceramics and pigments for its ability to improve thermal stability and provide coloration. Serves as an additive in fertilizers to correct molybdenum deficiency in crops, supporting nitrogen fixation in legumes. Also utilized in electronic materials and as a flame retardant in coatings and plastics.