Lead is widely used in the manufacturing of batteries, particularly lead-acid batteries, which are commonly found in automobiles and backup power systems due to their reliability and low cost. It serves as a key component in the electrodes, enabling efficient energy storage and delivery. In construction, lead is used for roofing, flashing, and as a protective sheath for cables, thanks to its malleability and resistance to corrosion. It is also employed in soundproofing and vibration damping in machinery and buildings because of its high density and ability to absorb mechanical energy. Lead compounds are used in some types of paints and coatings for corrosion resistance, especially in marine and industrial environments, although this application has decreased due to health and environmental concerns. In radiation shielding, lead is essential in medical facilities and nuclear industries, where it is used in aprons, barriers, and containers to protect against X-rays and gamma radiation due to its high atomic number and density. Despite its usefulness, the use of lead is increasingly regulated because of its toxicity, leading to ongoing efforts to find safer alternatives in many applications.