Cadmium is primarily used in the production of rechargeable nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, which are known for their durability and ability to deliver high current. These batteries are commonly found in power tools, emergency lighting, and portable electronic devices.

It is also used as a pigment in paints, plastics, and ceramics due to its ability to provide bright yellow, orange, and red colors that are stable at high temperatures. These pigments are especially valued in industrial coatings and artist paints.

Cadmium compounds serve as stabilizers in plastics, particularly PVC, preventing degradation from heat and ultraviolet (UV) light. This helps extend the lifespan of plastic products exposed to sunlight and high temperatures.

In the electronics industry, cadmium is used in semiconductors and photovoltaic cells, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar panels, which offer a low-cost alternative for large-scale solar energy generation. It is also employed in phosphors for fluorescent lamps and displays.

Cadmium plating is applied to steel and other metals to protect against corrosion, especially in aerospace, marine, and automotive applications where high reliability is required.

Additionally, metallic cadmium is used in nuclear reactor control rods due to its excellent neutron absorption properties.

However, due to its toxicity and environmental impact, cadmium use is increasingly restricted and replaced with safer alternatives in many applications, with strict regulations in place worldwide.