Used in density gradient centrifugation to separate biological molecules like DNA and viruses based on buoyant density. Commonly employed in molecular biology and biochemistry research for purifying plasmid DNA and viral particles.

In alternative medicine, cesium chloride is sometimes used for cancer treatment by purportedly targeting cancer cells, though this is controversial, lacks broad scientific validation, and poses significant toxicity risks requiring careful handling.

It can also incorporate radioactive isotopes, such as cesium-137, for applications in radiation therapy.

Additionally, it serves as a precursor for other cesium compounds and is used in the production of specialized glass and optical materials with desirable refractive properties.

This is a specialty chemical used in niche research and industrial applications.