Cadmium is primarily used in the production of rechargeable nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, valued for their high energy output and durability in extreme temperatures. These batteries are found in power tools, emergency lighting, and portable electronics.

It serves as a pigment in paints, plastics, and ceramics, providing stable bright yellow, orange, and red colors at high temperatures, enhancing longevity and colorfastness.

In electronics, cadmium compounds are used in phosphors for older CRT displays and televisions, as well as in cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar cells.

Industrially, it is applied in electroplating metals to prevent corrosion, particularly in aerospace, marine, and automotive components. Its low melting point and neutron absorption properties make it suitable for nuclear reactor control rods.

Due to its toxicity and environmental persistence, cadmium use is heavily regulated, restricted in consumer products like electronics and toys, leading to declining usage and shifts to safer alternatives.