Cadmium is primarily used in the production of rechargeable nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, which are known for their durability and ability to deliver high current. These batteries are commonly found in power tools, emergency lighting, and portable electronic devices. It is also used as a pigment in paints, plastics, and ceramics due to its ability to provide bright yellow, orange, and red colors that are stable at high temperatures.

In the field of metallurgy, cadmium is applied in electroplating processes to protect steel and other metals from corrosion, especially in aerospace and marine environments. Its low melting point and ability to absorb neutrons make it useful in nuclear reactors, where it is used in control rods to regulate fission reactions.

Cadmium compounds are used in some types of solar panels and semiconductor materials, particularly in thin-film photovoltaic cells. They are also employed as phosphors in fluorescent lamps and older cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays for televisions and monitors.

Despite its usefulness, the use of cadmium is increasingly restricted due to its toxicity and environmental persistence, leading to the development of safer alternatives in many applications.