Used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, particularly in oxidation processes. It is effective in the synthesis of organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

Applied in research for studying electron transfer mechanisms due to its unique electronic properties.

Utilized in the development of sensors and electrochemical devices, where it enhances sensitivity and selectivity.

In material science, it contributes to the creation of advanced materials with specific optical and electronic characteristics.

Its role in photodynamic therapy is also explored, leveraging its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under light exposure.

Additionally, it is employed in the study of metalloporphyrins and their interactions with biological systems.